The best example of a song parody is 2 Live Crew’s “Pretty Woman,” a parody of Roy Orbison’s “Oh, Pretty Woman.” 2 Live Crew copied the bass riff and the first line of lyrics from Orbison and then they made up the rest. It was a scathing parody, meant to debase the original and make it seem trite and stupid. Orbison’s publisher sued 2 Live Crew. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court and the Court ruled (unanimously, I believe) in 1994 that the band’s use of the bass riff and the line of lyrics was a legitimate parody and was Fair Use under the Copyright Law.
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